1.子查询是指在另一个查询语句中的SELECT子句。
例句:
SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE column1 = (SELECT column1 FROM t2);
其中,SELECT * FROM t1 ...称为Outer Query[外查询](或者Outer Statement),
SELECT column1 FROM t2 称为Sub Query[子查询]。
所以,我们说子查询是嵌套在外查询内部。而事实上它有可能在子查询内部再嵌套子查询。
子查询必须出现在圆括号之间。
行级子查询
SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE (col1,col2) = (SELECT col3, col4 FROM t2 WHERE id = 10);
SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE ROW(col1,col2) = (SELECT col3, col4 FROM t2 WHERE id = 10);
行级子查询的返回结果最多为一行。
优化子查询
-- 创建数据表
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tdb_goods(
goods_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
goods_name VARCHAR(150) NOT NULL,
goods_cate VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
brand_name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
goods_price DECIMAL(15,3) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
is_show BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
is_saleoff BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
);
-- 写入记录
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('R510VC 15.6英寸笔记本','笔记本','华硕','3399',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Y400N 14.0英寸笔记本电脑','笔记本','联想','4899',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('G150TH 15.6英寸游戏本','游戏本','雷神','8499',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('X550CC 15.6英寸笔记本','笔记本','华硕','2799',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('X240(20ALA0EYCD) 12.5英寸超极本','超级本','联想','4999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('U330P 13.3英寸超极本','超级本','联想','4299',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('SVP13226SCB 13.3英寸触控超极本','超级本','索尼','7999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('iPad mini MD531CH/A 7.9英寸平板电脑','平板电脑','苹果','1998',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('iPad Air MD788CH/A 9.7英寸平板电脑 (16G WiFi版)','平板电脑','苹果','3388',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(' iPad mini ME279CH/A 配备 Retina 显示屏 7.9英寸平板电脑 (16G WiFi版)','平板电脑','苹果','2788',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('IdeaCentre C340 20英寸一体电脑 ','台式机','联想','3499',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Vostro 3800-R1206 台式电脑','台式机','戴尔','2899',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('iMac ME086CH/A 21.5英寸一体电脑','台式机','苹果','9188',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('AT7-7414LP 台式电脑 (i5-3450四核 4G 500G 2G独显 DVD 键鼠 Linux )','台式机','宏碁','3699',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Z220SFF F4F06PA工作站','服务器/工作站','惠普','4288',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('PowerEdge T110 II服务器','服务器/工作站','戴尔','5388',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Mac Pro MD878CH/A 专业级台式电脑','服务器/工作站','苹果','28888',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(' HMZ-T3W 头戴显示设备','笔记本配件','索尼','6999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('商务双肩背包','笔记本配件','索尼','99',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('X3250 M4机架式服务器 2583i14','服务器/工作站','IBM','6888',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('玄龙精英版 笔记本散热器','笔记本配件','九州风神','',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(' HMZ-T3W 头戴显示设备','笔记本配件','索尼','6999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('商务双肩背包','笔记本配件','索尼','99',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
-- 求所有电脑产品的平均价格,并且保留两位小数,AVG,MAX,MIN、COUNT、SUM为聚合函数
SELECT ROUND(AVG(goods_price),2) AS avg_price FROM tdb_goods;
-- 查询所有价格大于平均价格的商品,并且按价格降序排序
SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_price > 5845.10 ORDER BY goods_price DESC;
-- 使用子查询来实现
SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods
WHERE goods_price > (SELECT ROUND(AVG(goods_price),2) AS avg_price FROM tdb_goods)
ORDER BY goods_price DESC;
-- 查询类型为“超记本”的商品价格
SELECT goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_cate = '超级本';
-- 查询价格大于或等于"超级本"价格的商品,并且按价格降序排列
SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods
WHERE goods_price = ANY(SELECT goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_cate = '超级本')
ORDER BY goods_price DESC;
-- = ANY 或 = SOME 等价于 IN
SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods
WHERE goods_price IN (SELECT goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_cate = '超级本')
ORDER BY goods_price DESC;
-- 创建“商品分类”表
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tdb_goods_cates(
cate_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
cate_name VARCHAR(40)
);
-- 查询tdb_goods表的所有记录,并且按"类别"分组
SELECT goods_cate FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY goods_cate;
-- 将分组结果写入到tdb_goods_cates数据表
INSERT tdb_goods_cates (cate_name) SELECT goods_cate FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY goods_cate;
-- 通过tdb_goods_cates数据表来更新tdb_goods表
UPDATE tdb_goods INNER JOIN tdb_goods_cates ON goods_cate = cate_name
SET goods_cate = cate_id ;
-- 通过CREATE...SELECT来创建数据表并且同时写入记录
-- SELECT brand_name FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY brand_name;
CREATE TABLE tdb_goods_brands (
brand_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
brand_name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL
) SELECT brand_name FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY brand_name;
-- 通过tdb_goods_brands数据表来更新tdb_goods数据表(错误)
UPDATE tdb_goods INNER JOIN tdb_goods_brands ON brand_name = brand_name
SET brand_name = brand_id;
-- Column 'brand_name' in field list is ambigous
-- 正确
UPDATE tdb_goods AS g INNER JOIN tdb_goods_brands AS b ON g.brand_name = b.brand_name
SET g.brand_name = b.brand_id;
-- 查看tdb_goods的数据表结构
DESC tdb_goods;
-- 通过ALTER TABLE语句修改数据表结构
ALTER TABLE tdb_goods
CHANGE goods_cate cate_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
CHANGE brand_name brand_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL;
-- 分别在tdb_goods_cates和tdb_goods_brands表插入记录
INSERT tdb_goods_cates(cate_name) VALUES('路由器'),('交换机'),('网卡');
INSERT tdb_goods_brands(brand_name) VALUES('海尔'),('清华同方'),('神舟');
-- 在tdb_goods数据表写入任意记录
INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,cate_id,brand_id,goods_price) VALUES(' LaserJet Pro P1606dn 黑白激光打印机','12','4','1849');
-- 查询所有商品的详细信息(通过内连接实现)
--转自