+---------+----------+
| bird | 2 |
| cat | 2 |
| dog | 3 |
| hamster | 1 |
| snake | 1 |
+---------+----------+
如果你除了计数还返回一个列的值，那么必须使用GROU BY语句，否则无法计算记录。例如上例，使用GROUP BY对每个owner分组所有记录，没有它，你得到的一切是一条错误消息：
mysql> SELECT owner, COUNT(owner) FROM pet;
ERROR 1140 at line 1: Mixing of GROUP columns (MIN(),MAX(),COUNT()...)
with no GROUP columns is illegal if there is no GROUP BY clause
也可以根据多个列分组，例如：
按种类和性别组合的动物数量：
mysql> SELECT species, sex, COUNT(*) FROM pet GROUP BY species, sex;
+---------+------+----------+
| species | sex | COUNT(*) |
+---------+------+----------+
| bird | NULL | 1 |
| bird | f | 1 |
| cat | f | 1 |
| cat | m | 1 |
| dog | f | 1 |
| dog | m | 2 |
| hamster | f | 1 |
| snake | m | 1 |
+---------+------+----------+
查询多个表
查询多个表，FROM子句列出表名，并用逗号分隔，因为查询需要从他们两个拉出信息。
当组合(联结-join)来自多个表的信息时，你需要指定在一个表中的记录怎样能匹配其它表的记录。这很简单，因为它们都有一个name列。查询使用WHERE子句基于name值来匹配2个表中的记录。
因为name列出现在两个表中，当引用列时，你一定要指定哪个表。这通过把表名附在列名前做到。
现在有一个event表：
mysql>select * from event;
+----------+------------+----------+-----------------------------+
| name | date | type | remark |
+----------+------------+----------+-----------------------------+
| Fluffy | 1995-05-15 | litter | 4 kittens, 3 female, 1 male |
| Buffy | 1993-06-23 | litter | 5 puppies, 2 female, 3 male |
| Buffy | 1994-06-19 | litter | 3 puppies, 3 female |
| Chirpy | 1999-03-21 | vet | needed beak straightened |
| Slim | 1997-08-03 | vet | broken rib |
| Bowser | 1991-10-12 | kennel | NULL |
| Fang | 1991-10-12 | kennel | NULL |
| Fang | 1998-08-28 | birthday | Gave him a new chew toy |
| Claws | 1998-03-17 | birthday | Gave him a new flea collar |
| Whistler | 1998-12-09 | birthday | First birthday |
+----------+------------+----------+-----------------------------+
当他们有了一窝小动物时，假定你想要找出每只宠物的年龄。 event表指出何时发生，但是为了计算母亲的年龄，你需要她的出生日期。既然它被存储在pet表中，为了查询你需要两张表：
mysql> SELECT pet.name, (TO_DAYS(date) - TO_DAYS(birth))/365 AS age, remark
-> FROM pet, event
-> WHERE pet.name = event.name AND type = "litter";
+--------+------+-----------------------------+
| name | age | remark |
+--------+------+-----------------------------+
| Fluffy | 2.27 | 4 kittens, 3 female, 1 male |
| Buffy | 4.12 | 5 puppies, 2 female, 3 male |
| Buffy | 5.10 | 3 puppies, 3 female |
--转自
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2014-11-18 11:21:32 |
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