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发表于: IP:您无权察看 2012-11-23 11:25:50 | [全部帖] [楼主帖] 楼主

在很多系统软件的开发中,需要使用一些系统的唯一性信息。所以,得到主机的CPUID、硬盘序列号及网卡的MAC地址,就成个一件很重要的应用。

本人经过一番google即自己的钻研,基本上实现了这几个功能。需要的准备知识有:

  1. GCC的嵌入汇编,具体的GCC嵌入汇编知识,请参考相关手册
  2. ioctl系统调用,具体的调用方法,请查看手册页

获取CPUID

按照网上提供的说明,CPUID并不是所有的Intel CPU都支持的。如果支持,汇编调用为:eax置0000_0003,调用cpuid。

以下为实现代码(在我的CPU上,并没有得到):

#define cpuid(in,a,b,c,d) asm("cpuid": "=a" (a), "=b" (b), "=c" (c), "=d" (d) : "a" (in));
static int
getcpuid (char *id, size_t max)
{
       int i;
       unsigned long li, maxi, maxei, ebx, ecx, edx, unused;

       cpuid (0, maxi, unused, unused, unused);
       maxi &= 0xffff;

       if (maxi < 3)
       {
             return -1;
       }

       cpuid (3, eax, ebx, ecx, edx);

       snprintf (id, max, "%08lx %08lx %08lx %08lx", eax, ebx, ecx, edx);
       fprintf (stdout, "get cpu id: %s/n", id);
       return 0;
}

获取硬盘序列号

这个的实现,采用的是读取/etc/mtab文件,找到/(即根目录)挂载的设备文件,然后打开它,再用系统调用ioctl来实现的。

ioctl第二个参数为HDIO_GET_IDENTITY, 获得指定文件描述符的标志号

ioctl的第三个参数为struct hd_driveid ,在linux/hdreg.h中,struct hd_driveid的声明有

struct hd_driveid {
       unsigned short config; /
lots of obsolete bit flags */
       unsigned short cyls; /* Obsolete, "physical" cyls */
       unsigned short reserved2; /* reserved (word 2) */
       unsigned short heads; /* Obsolete, "physical" heads */
       unsigned short track_bytes; /* unformatted bytes per track */
       unsigned short sector_bytes; /* unformatted bytes per sector */
       unsigned short sectors; /* Obsolete, "physical" sectors per track */
       unsigned short vendor0; /* vendor unique */
       unsigned short vendor1; /* vendor unique */
       unsigned short vendor2; /* Retired vendor unique */
       unsigned char serial_no[20]; /* 0 = not_specified */
       unsigned short buf_type; /* Retired */
       unsigned short buf_size; /* Retired, 512 byte increments
       * 0 = not_specified
       */
       ……
};

,这其中,serial_no为硬盘的序列号。如果此项为0,则为没有提供。

思路明确了,以下为实现代码:

static int
getdiskid (char *id, size_t max)
{
       int fd;
       struct hd_driveid hid;
       FILE *fp;
       char line[0x100], *disk, *root, *p;

       fp = fopen ("/etc/mtab", "r");
       if (fp == NULL)
       {
             fprintf (stderr, "No /etc/mtab file./n");
             return -1;
       }

       fd = -1;
       while (fgets (line, sizeof line, fp) != NULL)
       {
             disk = strtok (line, " ");
             if (disk == NULL)
             {
                   continue;
             }

             root = strtok (NULL, " ");
             if (root == NULL)
             {
                   continue;
             }

             if (strcmp (root, "/") == 0)
             {
                   for (p = disk + strlen (disk) - 1; isdigit (*p); p --)
                   {
                         *p = '/0';
                   }
                   fd = open (disk, O_RDONLY);
                   break;
             }
       }

       fclose (fp);

       if (fd < 0)
       {
             fprintf (stderr, "open hard disk device failed./n");
             return -1;
       }

       if (ioctl (fd, HDIO_GET_IDENTITY, &hid) < 0)
       {
             fprintf (stderr, "ioctl error./n");
             return -1;
       }

       close (fd);

       snprintf (id, max, "%s", hid.serial_no);
       fprintf (stdout, "get hard disk serial number: %s/n", id);
       return 0;
}

获取MAC地址

通过创建一个socket,然后bind特定的IP地址,就可以通过ioctl得到这个套按地绑定的网络接口名称。然后再通过网络接口名称,得到MAC地址。

如果ioctl的第二个参数为SIOCGIFNAME, 则获得指定网络接口的名称;如果ioctl的第二个参数为SIOCGIFHWADDR,则获得指定网络接口的MAC地址

ioctl的第三个参数为struct ifreq ,在linux/if.h头文件里,struct ifreq声明如下:

struct ifreq
{
      #define IFHWADDRLEN 6
       union
       {
             char ifrn_name[IFNAMSIZ]; /
if name, e.g. "en0" */
       } ifr_ifrn;

       union {
             struct sockaddr ifru_addr;
             struct sockaddr ifru_dstaddr;
             struct sockaddr ifru_broadaddr;
             struct sockaddr ifru_netmask;
             struct sockaddr ifru_hwaddr;
             short ifru_flags;
             int ifru_ivalue;
             int ifru_mtu;
             struct ifmap ifru_map;
             char ifru_slave[IFNAMSIZ]; /* Just fits the size */
             char ifru_newname[IFNAMSIZ];
             void * ifru_data;
             struct if_settings ifru_settings;
       } ifr_ifru;
}

,其中,ifrn_name为网络接口的名称,ifr_ifru.ifru_hwaddr为网络接口的MAC地址。

#ifndef MAX_IFINDEX
# define MAX_IFINDEX 8
#endif

static int
getmacaddr (const char *ip, char *id, size_t max)
{

       int i, sockfd;
       struct sockaddr_in *loc;
       struct ifreq req[1];

       sockfd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
       if (sockfd < 0)
       {
             fprintf (stderr, "Unable to create socket./n");
             return -1;
       }

       for (i = 0; i <= MAX_IFINDEX; ++ i)
       {
             req->ifr_ifindex = i;

             if (ioctl (sockfd, SIOCGIFNAME, req) < 0)
             {
                   fprintf (stderr, "ioctl error: %s/n", strerror (errno));
                   continue;
             }

             if (ioctl (sockfd, SIOCGIFADDR, req) < 0)
             {
                   fprintf (stderr, "ioctl interface index [%d] error: %s/n", i, strerror (errno));
                   continue;
             }

             loc = (struct sockaddr_in *) (&(req->ifr_ifru.ifru_addr));
             if (loc->sin_addr.s_addr == inet_addr (ip))
             {
                   fprintf (stderr, "%s bind at %s./n", ip, req->ifr_name);
                   break;
             }
       }

       if (i > MAX_IFINDEX)
       {
             fprintf (stderr, "input IP error./n");
             close (sockfd);
             return -1;
       }

       if (ioctl (sockfd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, req) < 0)
       {
             fprintf (stderr, "ioctl error: %s/n", strerror (errno));
             close (sockfd);
             return -1;
       }

       close (sockfd);

       snprintf (id, max, "%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X",
       req->ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[0] & 0xff,
       req->ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[1] & 0xff,
       req->ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[2] & 0xff,
       req->ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[3] & 0xff,
       req->ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[4] & 0xff,
       req->ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[5] & 0xff);

       fprintf (stdout, "MAC address of %s: [%s]./n", req->ifr_name, id);
       return 0;
}




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