一、路由和网关
1)通过文件增加
文件:/etc/gateways
格式:<dest. net>; <gateway>; <netmasks>; metric <count>;
描述:添加路由表记录
dest. net 目标网段
gateway 下一跳路由器的地址
count 跳数
2)route命令
命令格式:route add|delete [host|net] destination [gateway
举例:
Add a route
#route add -net 10.50.3.0 10.168.1.1 1
Delete a route
#route delete -net 10.50.2.0 10.168.1.2
3)缺省路由
文件:/etc/defaultrouter
描述:防止不必要的路由进程
适用于只有一个路由器通向其它网段
单一路由占用较小的路由表资源
4)查看路由
举例:
# netstat -r
Routing Table:
Destination Gateway Flags Ref Use Interface
----------- ---------- ----- --- --- ---------
localhost localhost UH 0 2272 lo0
202.96.0.0 192.168.12.1 U 3 562 le0
10.103.0.0 192.168.12.2 U 3 562 le0
二、网络地址和掩码
1)文件:/etc/hostname.interface
接口描述:
网卡型号
十兆网卡:le
百兆网卡:hme
2)文件:/etc/hosts
功能描述:
系统名与IP地址的映射
与/etc/hostname.interface 协同工作,配置本机网卡地址
举例:
# more /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost loghost
10.12.255.1 xiaojg
10.13.255.1 xiaojg
3)文件:/etc/netmasks
功能描述:
将网络的IP地址与网络地址联系一起,划分子网
如果是标准网段,则不需要配置
4)命令:ifconfig
举例:
检测网络端口状态
#ifconfig -a
配置网络端口地址
#ifconfig le0 10.16.25.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
配置网络端口状态
#ifconfig le0 up/down
配置网络端口是否可用
#ifconfig le0 plumb/unplumb
5)文件:/etc/services
功能描述:
网络服务协议的端口号
网络协议的服务类型
举例:
#more /etc/inet/services
ftp-data 20/tcp
ftp 21/tcp
telnet 23/tcp
smtp 25/tcp mail
sunrpc 111/udp rpcbind
sunrpc 111/tcp rpcbind
6)文件:/etc/inetd.conf
功能:管理系统的各种服务
格式:
<service_name>; <socket_type>; <proto>; <flags>; <user>; <server_pathname>; <args>;
举例:
# cat /etc/inet/inetd.conf
ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/in.ftpd in.ftpd
telnet stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/in.telnetd in.telnetd
login stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/in.rlogind in.rlogind
talk dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/in.talkd in.talkd
三、DNS
1)DNS客户端的配置
文件:etc/resolv.conf
举例:
# more /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.16.25.3
domainname xiaojg.com.cn
文件:/etc/nsswitch.conf
举例:# more /etc/nsswitch.conf
#
# /etc/nsswitch.dns:
#
# An example file that could be copied over to /etc/nsswitch.conf; it uses
# DNS for hosts lookups, otherwise it does not use any other naming service.
#
# "hosts:" and "services:" in this file are used only if the
# /etc/netconfig file has a "-" for nametoaddr_libs of "inet" transports.
passwd: xiaojg
group: xiaojg
# You must also set up the /etc/resolv.conf file for DNS name
# server lookup. See resolv.conf(4).
hosts: xiaojg dns
ipnodes: xiaojg
…
命令:nslookup
描述:
用于查询DNS服务器
用于验证客户端的设置
用于下载DNS数据库
举例:
# nslookup
Default Server: ns.zjhzptt.net.cn
Address: 202.96.96.68
>; www.sun.com
Server: ns.shptt.net.cn
Address: 202.96.96.68
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: www.sun.com