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主题： [转帖]【ASM学习笔记】ASM

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2011-8-1 11:21:17 | [全部帖] [楼主帖]

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最近学习了ASM 的一些知识, 总结一下,
关于ASM 的简单介绍:
ASM全称为Automated Storage Management，即自动存储管理，它是自Oracle10g这个版本 oracle推出的新功能。这是Oracle提供的一个卷管理器，用于替代操作系统所提供的LVM，它不仅支持单实例配置，也支持 RAC这样的多实例配置。将给Oracle数据库管理员带来极大的方便，ASM可以自动管理磁盘组，并提供数据冗余和优化。特别是对于企业级的大型 DB管理员来说，可以使管理员可以从管理成百上千个数据文件这些琐碎的日常事务中解脱开来，以便处理其它更为重要的事务上去。

冗余级别说明
高如果至少可为该磁盘组分配三个故障组，则选择此级别。
正常如果至少可为该磁盘组分配两个故障组，则选择此级别。
外部如果只能为该磁盘组分配一个故障组，则选择此级别。如果选择此冗余级别，Oracle 假定您将使用外部应用程序或硬件组件为数据库文件提供镜像功能

一【如何在window环境下创建ASM实例】
第一步 使用asmtool 创建 asm
Microsoft Windows [版本 5.2.3790]
(C) 版权所有 1985-2003 Microsoft Corp.

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>asmtool -create d:\asm\asmdisk1 500
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>asmtool -create d:\asm\asmdisk2 500
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>asmtool -create d:\asm\asmdisk3 500
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>asmtool -create d:\asm\asmdisk4 500
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>asmtool -create d:\asm\asmdisk5 200
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>asmtool -create d:\asm\asmdisk6 100
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>asmtool -create d:\asm\asmdisk7 100
。
。
。

后面做迁移的时候，又添加了几个！

第二步 创建asm实例的参数文件：
ASM的实例名一定要以+开头，如+ASM，否则后面通过dbca配置ASM实例或创建数据库的时候，DBCA无法识别到之前的asm实例。

orcl.__large_pool_size=12288
*.compatible= '11.1.0.0.0'
*.db_unique_name='+ASM'
*.diagnostic_dest= F:\ORACL\ASM\‘
*.memory_target=857735168
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*._asm_allow_only_raw_disks=FALSE
*.asm_diskstring= F:\ORACL\ASM\*'
*.instance_type='ASM'
*.asm_power_limit=1
*.remote_login_passwordfile='SHARED'

第三步:创建ASM实例

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>oradim -new -asmsid +asm -startmode manual

第四步配置CSS(Cluster Synchronization Services)
CSS主要用来同步ASM instance和它的client，也即database instance。可以由Oracle自带的localconfig命令来完成。

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>localconfig  ---相关语法
usage:  crssetup <config | add | del | deconfig | ldel | lres
| ladd | shutdown | upgrade | help>
config   - configure and startup the cluster on nodes
add      - add specified nodes to the cluster
del      - delete the specified nodes from the cluster
deconfig - wipe out all cluster configuration information
ldel     - local css delete from oracle home
lres     - local css home reset to new oracle home
ladd     - local css add to oracle home
shutdown - shutdown the selected nodes
upgrade  - upgrade the specified nodes
help     - print out this information
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>localconfig add
Step 1: creating new OCR repository
Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
Creating OCR keys for user 'zhangrp', privgrp ''..
Operation successful.
Step 2: creating new CSS service
successfully created local CSS service
successfully added CSS to home  --- 成功建立

第五步:启动ASM实例

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>set oracle_sid=+ASM
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
SQL> startup

ASM 实例已启动

Total System Global Area  535662592 bytes
Fixed Size                  1334380 bytes
Variable Size             509162388 bytes
ASM Cache                  25165824 bytes
ORA-15110: no diskgroups mounted ---第一次打开ASM实例，磁盘还没有加载！
SQL> col host_name for a15
SQL> col instance_name for a15
SQL> col version for a15
SQL> select host_name,instance_name,version,status from v$instance;
HOST_NAME       INSTANCE_NAME   VERSION         STATUS
--------------- --------------- --------------- ------------------------
YQL             +asm            11.1.0.6.0      STARTED
SQL> col path for a30
SQL> select path ,mount_status from v$asm_disk order by disk_number;
PATH                           MOUNT_STATUS
------------------------------ --------------
F:\ORACL\ASM\ASMDISK1          CLOSED
F:\ORACL\ASM\ASMDISK10         CLOSED
F:\ORACL\ASM\ASMDISK2          CLOSED
F:\ORACL\ASM\ASMDISK3          CLOSED
F:\ORACL\ASM\ASMDISK4          CLOSED
F:\ORACL\ASM\ASMDISK5          CLOSED
F:\ORACL\ASM\ASMDISK6          CLOSED
F:\ORACL\ASM\ASMDISK7          CLOSED
F:\ORACL\ASM\ASMDISK8          CLOSED
F:\ORACL\ASM\ASMDISK9          CLOSED
10 rows selected.
SQL> select group_number,name, state,total_mb,free_mb fromv$asm_diskgroup;--检查磁盘组，当然还未创建呢！
no rows selected

第六步,创建磁盘组..

SQL> create diskgroup sys_data  --外部冗余
2  External Redundancy
3  disk 'f:\oracl\asm\asmdisk1',
4   'f:\oracl\asm\asmdisk2',
5   'f:\oracl\asm\asmdisk3';
Diskgroup created.
SQL> create diskgroup flash_data  --常规冗余，必须至少两个磁盘
2  External Redundancy
3  disk 'f:\oracl\asm\asmdisk4',
4   'f:\oracl\asm\asmdisk5';
Diskgroup created.
SQL> create diskgroup user_data
  2  Normal Redundancy
3  failgroup user_fg_01 disk 'f:\oracl\asm\asmdisk6'
4  failgroup user_fg_02 disk 'f:\oracl\asm\asmdisk7';
Diskgroup created.
SQL> create diskgroup test_data              ---高度冗余，至少三个磁盘
  2  High Redundancy
3  failgroup test_fg_01 disk 'f:\oracl\asm\asmdisk8'
4  failgroup test_fg_02 disk 'f:\oracl\asm\asmdisk9'
5  failgroup test_fg_03 disk 'f:\oracl\asm\asmdisk10';
Diskgroup created.
----------查看----------
SQL> col path for a30
SQL> select path ,mount_status from v$asm_disk order by disk_number;
PATH                           MOUNT_STATUS
------------------------------ --------------
F:\ORACL\ASM\ASMDISK1          CACHED
F:\ORACL\ASM\ASMDISK4          CACHED
F:\ORACL\ASM\ASMDISK8          CACHED
F:\ORACL\ASM\ASMDISK6          CACHED
F:\ORACL\ASM\ASMDISK9          CACHED
F:\ORACL\ASM\ASMDISK5          CACHED
F:\ORACL\ASM\ASMDISK7          CACHED
F:\ORACL\ASM\ASMDISK2           CACHED
F:\ORACL\ASM\ASMDISK3           CACHED
F:\ORACL\ASM\ASMDISK10         CACHED
10 rows selected.
SQL> col name for a12
SQL> col allocation_unit_size for a6
SQL> select group_number,name,sector_size,block_size,
2  state,type,total_mb,free_mb
3  from v$asm_diskgroup;
GROUP_NUMBER NAME         SECTOR_SIZE BLOCK_SIZE STATE
------------ ------------ ----------- ---------- ----------------------
TYPE           TOTAL_MB    FREE_MB
------------ ---------- ----------
1 SYS_DATA             512       4096 MOUNTED
EXTERN             1500       1446
2 FLASH_DATA           512       4096 MOUNTED
EXTERN              400        348
3 USER_DATA            512       4096 MOUNTED
NORMAL              200         98
4 TEST_DATA            512       4096 MOUNTED
HIGH                300        147
SQL> select group_number,name,
2  state,type,total_mb,free_mb
3  from v$asm_diskgroup;
GROUP_NUMBER NAME     STATE        TYPE      TOTAL_MB     FREE_MB
------------ ------------ ---------------------- ------------ ----------    ----------
1          SYS_DATA       MOUNTED          EXTERN       1500      1446
2          FLASH_DATA   MOUNTED          EXTERN        400         348
3          USER_DATA    MOUNTED          NORMAL        200          98
4          TEST_DATA    MOUNTED           HIGH            300        147
SQL> show parameter asm_disk
NAME                  TYPE                VALUE
--------             ----------------     ------------------------------
asm_diskgroups string   SYS_DATA, FLASH_DATA, USER_DATA, TEST_DATA
asm_diskstring      string               F:\ORACL\ASM\*
SQL> shutdown immediate
ASM diskgroups dismounted
ASM instance shutdown

第七步创建ASM实例的密码文件

SQL> host orapwd file=F:\ORACL\product\11.1.0\db_1\database\PWDasm.orapassword=yang entries=10

第八步：修改pfile并转为spfile,创建密码文件
在参数文件里加入 asm_diskgroups='SYS_DATA', 'FLASH_DATA', 'USER_DATA', 'TEST_DATA'--根据实际情况作出修改！

SQL> create spfile from pfile;
File created.